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 《医院药学》 > 第六篇 附录

八、常用药物的药代动力学参数参考表

药物名称消除速率常数k或β(hr-1半衰期tl/2或tl/2β口服吸收(%)表现分布容积vb(mg/L)有效血浓度范围(mg/L)峰时tm(hr)蛋白结合率BP(%)消除率Cls[L/(hr.kg)]解离指数pKa
乙基西梭霉素Nctilmicin0.3122.23 0.25-0.34-80.5-1.0(IM) 0.78 
乙氧萘青霉素Nafillin1.390.500.28 0.5-1.0(IM)900.392.6(-COO-)
乙胺丁醇Ethambutol0.1983.5301.871-102-4(PO400.37 
乙琥胺Ethosuximide 成人50-60儿童30-50100成人0.62儿童0.6940-1002-4(PO<2成人0.01-0.013儿童0.0161.3
乙酰唑胺Acetazolamide0.1694.1
2.4-5.8
>900.210-10.5
10-15
  0.0347.2
9.0
乙酰普鲁卡因胺Acetylprocainamide0.0828.5851.52-20 100.12 
二甲胺四环素Minocycline 12900.430.5-3.01-3(PO750.025 
二性霉素B AmphotericinB0.02918-24<30.5-1.0  >900.025 
二氮嗪Diazoxid 21-361000.2  90-950.005 
丁胺卡那霉素Amikacin0.283-0.3112-390-1000.2510-251.0(IM)0-200.069 
三氯乙醇Trichlorethanol 4-8 0.6 0.5(PO400.07 
碘甲腺氯酸钠T3 3390-100 70-1601-299.50.014 
万古霉素Vancomycin0.126-8 0.47 0.2(IV)100.047 
土霉素Cxytetracycline0.0696-960-801.91.0-10.01-3(PO)20-300.18 
双异丙吡胺Dicopyramide0.1544.5-770-1000.8-1.9总药浓度2-5游离药浓度0.5-20.5-310-80(与血药浓度有关)0.0015-0.0048.34
双氯青霉素Dicloxacillin0.990.5-0.9 0.2915-181.0(IM)960.29 
水合氯醛Choral Hydrate 4-8 0.6100.5(PO)400.07 
心得静Pondolol 3-41002.00.05-0.151-3 0.4 
普萘洛尔(心得安)Porpranlolo 3>902.0-4.60.01-0.21-1.5(PO)90-950.79.5
心得怡Sotalol 5-1380-900.70.5-42-3 0.0549.8
心得舒Alprenolol 3>903.30.03-0.10.5-1.0(PO)850.769.7
对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol 2-485-1000.8-1.01-100.5-1.0(PO)250.21 
扑米酮Primidone 成人6-8儿童5-880-900.66-152-4(PO20-30单独用药0.0309合并用药0.0739 
去甲丙咪嗪Desipramine 10-26 28-600.15-0.32-8(PO901.6910.2
去甲金霉素Demethylchlortetracycline0.07-0.04310-1660-801-20.5-31-4(PO500.08 
去甲替林Nortrpytline 2760200.05-0.164-9(PO)92-960.5 
丙咪嗪Imipramine 8-1680-10020-400.15-0.50.5-1.0(PO)951.739.5
丙基硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil 2-4800.2-0.4 1.0(PO)750.078.3
丙磺舒Probenecid 6-181000.12-0.18100-2001-5(PO)85-950.013.4
布洛芬Brufen 2 0.15 0.5-1.5(PO)990.052 
左旋多巴Leayodopa 320-30(吸收) 0.5-4   8.2
白霉素Leucomycin0.1394.5-5.5   2(PO)72  
苷珀酸Carbenoxolne 13-16 0.1 1-2(空腹PO)饭后(PO) 0.005 
甲硝唑Metronidazole 6-1490-1000.6-0.75-201-2(PO)5-200.045 
可待因Codeine0.2312-4503.450.0251.0(PO) 0.88.2
戊巴比妥Pentobarbital 21-4270-800.71-4初次用药6-18长期用药3760-700.0158.1
卡马西平Carbamazepine 成人10-30儿童8-1990-1000.8-1.44-121.0-2.0(IM)65-85成人初次用药0.011-0.026儿童初次用药0.028 
卡那霉素Kanamycin0.289-0.332-2.590-950.252-80.5-1.0(IM)1.0(PO)00.0777.2
头孢氨苄(先锋霉素Ⅳ)Cephalexin0.6550.83-1.290-950.26G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)10-150.185.3(-COOH-)7.3(-NH2)
头孢匹林(先锋霉素Ⅶ)Cephapirin.1.1550.690-950.23G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
 40-500.27 
头孢娄利定(先锋II)Cephaloridine0.621-1.590-950.25同上同上20
10-30
0.14 
头孢噻吩(先锋霉素I)Cephalothin1.40.5-1.090-950.25同上同上65
60-80
0.23 
头孢格来星(先锋霉素Ⅲ)Cenhaloglycin0.770.980-95 G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
15min(IV)0.5-1.0IM24 4.7
头孢唑啉(先锋霉素Ⅴ)Cepahzolin0.3851.4-2.290-950.15同上5.0-1.0(IM)5min(PO)75-850.0582.3
头孢雷定(先锋霉素Ⅵ)Cepahzolin0.809-0.99440-50min90-950.25同上1.0(PO)5min(IV)5-200.23 
头孢曲(先锋Ⅶ)Cephacetrile0.4621.590-950.27G(+)
0.5-3G(-)1.0-12
1.0(PO)5min(IV)22.340.1251.97
甲状腺素Thyroxine 144-16890-950.1-0.20.03-0.04 99.950.067 
甲氧苄胺嘧定Trimethoprim0.078-12 20.5-121.5-3.3(PO)140.147.2
甲氧苯青霉素Methicillin1.3860.5-100.3-0.421-0.5(IM)50
35-60
0.332.7
甲基多巴Methyldopa0.352 0.5>24(PO)0-200.172.2(-COOH)10.6(-NH)12.0(-OH)
甲基多粘菌素0.154405 0.5 1-2(IM) 0.077 
甲烯土霉素Methacycline0.053310-1660-680.971.0-10.01-4(PO)-3(PO)700.052 
甲苯磺丁脲Tobutamide 4-885-1000.1-0.1550-100 980.0145.3
对基水杨酸Para aminosalicylic acid0.770.9Sol:100混液:70片:900.230.6Na:盐0.5-1.0酸型3-4(PO)650.181.8(-NH)3.6(-COOH)
四环素Tetracycline0.0996-1060-801-21.0-10.01-3(PO)25-300.138.3
地高辛Digoxin0.01730-5050-936-100.0006-0.00181-2(PO)0.5-0.75250.14 
西梭霉素Sisomicin0.305-0.3472.0-2.5 0.25-0.34-80.75-1.0(IM)0-200.85 
灰黄霉素Griseofulyin 8-2440-70(微晶型)1-20.3-1.32-4(PO) 0.065 
华法令Warfarin0.01644
15-60
1000.11-102-8(PO)990.00194.8
5.0
优降糖Glybenznyclamide 5-2 0.1 2-6(PO)99-950.008 
多粘菌素B PolymyxinB0.163-8  0.5-4.02
(IM)
<10 8.9
多粘菌素E(抗霉素)Polymyxin E0.311.5-8 0.5 1-2
(IM)
<100.078.9
红霉素Erythromycin0.4621.5-3400.60.5-31-4
(PO)
70-900.1858.8(-NH2)
吗啡Morphine 1.5-2.52010.07-0.110-20min
(IM)
350.358.0
9.0
庆大霉素Gentamycin0.352<50.253-80.5-1
(IM)
25-300.087 
氯,贝丁酯(安妥明)Clofibrate 8-1690-1000.1280-150 960.007 
安定Diazepam 20-5075-1000.20.1-11-2
(PO)
980.004 
螺内酯(安体舒通)Spironolactone 10min90(吸收)0.05 3
(PO)
900.213.4
安替比林Antipyrine 10-151000.48-0.7  100.033 
异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline 2.5 0.5 80min
(PO)
10min(吸入)
 0.141.4
异烟肼Isoniazide0.193
0.63
3.6(慢乙酰化型)0.7-2(快乙酰化型)900.60.5-1.01-2
(PO)
18-300.12
0.31
1.8
3.5
10.8
抗癫灵Antiepilepsirin 8-15 0.15-0.
4
 1-4
(PO)
900.016 
哌替定Pethidine 2-450-704.70.2-0.61-2(IM)60
65-75
1.098.7
苄二甲胍Bethanidine 7-1550-1006 1-5
(PO)
80.38 
呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin0.71.0 0.711-22
(PO)
50-600.497.2
别嘌醇Allopurine 2-880  2-6
(PO)
  9.0
利多卡因Lidocaine0.461.520-501.6
(0.58-1.19)
2-52-5min(IV)0.5(IM)60-700.747.9
利福平Rifampicin0.252-590-950.60.5-101-2
(PO)
900.12 
邻氯青霉素Cloxacillin1.390.550-800.157-141.0
(IM)
940.212.7
妥布霉素Tobramycin0.251-0.3471.5-3.590-1000.252-101.0
(IM)
0-200.07 
纳洛酮Naloxone0.6931203 0.15-1
(IM)
 2.1 
阿托品Atropine 3-4
13-38
 2-4
10
 15-50
min
(IM)
1.0(PO)
500.59
0.27
9.9
阿米替林Amitriptyline 8-20
32-40
658.80.05-0.3 95-980.44
0.17
9.4
乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)Acetylsalicylic
Acid
 2.0-30(min)80-1000.15-0.220-100(解热镇痛)100-250(抗炎)1-2
(PO)
50-800.293.5
环磷酰胺Cyclophosphamide0.1073-11 0.4-0.6 1.0
(PO)
10-200.05 
青霉素Penicillin1.3860.515
(20-40)
0.251.5-1.00.25-0.5
(IM)
650.352.8
青紫霉素Lividomycin0.277-0.3722-2.5   1-2
(IM)
20-30  
苯乙双胍(降糖灵)Phenformin0.231350-705-10100-240(ng-/ml)2-4
(PO)
20-251.73 
苯巴比妥Phenobarbital 成人53-140儿童37-94>90成人0.7儿童0.7-1.215-406-18
(PO)
45-50成人0.0032老人0.0024儿童0.0082新生儿0.00647.3
苯妥英钠Phenytoin 成人18-30儿童12-22900.6-0.810-204
3-10
(PO)
88-920.029803
苯海拉明Diphenhydramine 4-10503-40.01-0.12-4
(PO)
98-990.359.0
7.7
苯唑青霉素Oxacillin1.3860.5-1.0700.255-61.0(PO)0.5-1.0
(IM)
900.23 
苯磺唑酮Sulfinpyrazine 3-590-1000.15 1.0(PO)98-990.026 
林可霉素Limcoycin0.1544-6400.352-102-4
(PO)
1-2
(IM)
700.0497.6(-NH2)
金刚烷胺Amamtadin0.3152290-1006 1-4
(PO)
 0.19 
肼苯达嗪Hydralazine 2-880(吸收)0.3-0.70.5-1.51-4
(PO)
870.07 
5-氟胞嘧啶5-Flurocytosine0.233-6   2-6
(PO)
48  
氟哌啶醇Haloperidol 18-30 20-30 3-6
(PO)
 0.72 
氟氯青霉素Flucloxacillin1.390.50.8450.12-0.25.04 960.2 
氢化可的松Hydrocortisone0.4620.5-2100.03  950.17 
茶碱Theophylline0.1153-9>950.3-0.67.5-201-3
(PO)
200.052 
保泰松Phenylbutazone 24-12090-1000.1-0.3540-1501-2
(PO)
90-980.002 
秋水仙碱Colchicine0.4620.5-1.5 2 0.5-2(PO) 1.39 
呋喃苯胺酸(速尿)Furosemide 1.4-3.50-600.1-0.20.1-0.21.0(PO)0.5(IM)95-990.042 
奎尼丁Quinidine0.0963-1640-900.5-3.02-81-2
(PO)
30-90
min
(IM)
60-800.13 
地黄毒甙Digitoxin0.005896-16890-1000.50.01-0.0351-3
(PO)
95-970.0026 
美沙酮Meygadone0.0917.6-151001.50.48-0.864
(PO)
84-870.09 
美多心安Metoprolol 3-4505.6   1.11 
甲氨喋呤Methotrexate 2-3.5 成人0.75-0.8儿童0.2-1.0
(PO)
1-350-70 4.3
5.5
氨喋青霉素Ampicillin0.61-1.5500.42-80.5-1.0(IM)200.222.5(-COOH)7.2(-NH2)
氨酰心胺Atenolol 6-950-600.70.2-1.32-4 0.065 
胺甲苯辛胺Tolamolol0.352.5303.2 2 0.89 
胍乙啶Guanethidine 43-12050-80  3(OP)  8.3
11.4
胰岛素Insulin 10min 0.610-20μU/ml 1-102.5 
吲哚美辛Indomethacin 2-109-1000.3-1.60.5-31-2
(OP)
900.11 
莨菪碱Hyoscyamiue 13-38 2-4 15-50min(IM)1.0(OP)500.0829.7
唑酮头孢菌素Cephanone0.2772.5 0.47  880.047 
萘啶酸Nalidixic acid0.431.5-2.0 0.26-0.45  930.14 
羧苄青霉素Carbenicillin0.4621-1.5<100.1810-1500.5-1.0(IM)500.0712.7(-COOH)2.7-3.9(-NH2)
羟苄四唑头孢菌素Cefamandole0.71.090-950.31 15min(IV)0.5-1.0(IM)750.22 
羟氨苄青霉素Amoxicillin0.71.0-1.580-900.472-81.0(IM)15-200.262.4(-COOH)7.4(-NH2)
硫酸奎宁Quinine sulfate0.135.31002.02-51-2(PO)700.264.1
8.4
紫霉素Viomycin0.352 0.24 2(IM) 0.083 
氯丙嗪
Chiorpromazine
 23-3725200.5-0.73-4(PO)
1-2(IM)
95-980.469.3
克林霉素Clindamycin0.292-2.5901.22-101.0(PO)
3.0(IM)
900.376.9
7.45
氯喹Chloroquine0.01370-12080-100112 6(PO)550.828.4
氯硝基安定Chlornitrazepam 20-6075-901.5-4.4 1-2(PO)450.05210.8
氯霉素Chloramphenicol0.2771.5-475-90成人0.55-0.98儿童1.1-2.54-202-3
(PO)
60-800.155.5
氯磺丙脲Chlorpropamide 36-40 0.1-0.230-1401-2(PO)5-100.00275.0
普鲁卡因胺Procainamide 2.5-4.575-951.7-2.24-81.0-2(PO)30min(IM)150.49.2
卡巴咪嗪Carbamazepine(Tegretol) 20-60 0.8-1.42-108
(PO)
65-830.036 
催产素Oxytccin 5-16min 0.24-120(pg/ml) 300.83 
叠氮霉素Azidocillin0.8660.6-1.0 0.35-0.6  83-850.432.8
美西律(慢心律)Mexiletine0.0611.5≈1004.50.5-20  0.27 
新霉素Neomycin0.352 0.25 1.0(IM) 0.087 
溴苄胺Bretylium0.0710  0.2-0.4    
脱氧土霉素Doxycycline0.0314-25901-21-101-3
(PO)
25-310.523.4
沷尼松Prednisone0.6931 0.5-0.6 1.0
(PO)
540.38 
沷尼松龙Prednisolone0.2173 0.5-0.6 1.0
(PO)
540.13 
碳酸锂Lithum carbonate0.02825>950.70.4-0.7mmol/L1-2
(PO)
 0.026.8
链霉素Streptomycin0.2772-3 0.25 0.5-3(IM)30-350.07 
镇痛新Pentazocine0.3751.85 30.03-0.11-3
(PO)
15-60
min
(IM)
60-701.1211.2
磺胺Sulfanamide0.077980-85 100-1502-4
(PO)
5-20 10.4
磺胺二甲胺基嘧啶(SM2)Sulfamethoxazole0.0997 0.6180-1002-4
(PO)
800.067.4
磺胺甲基异噁唑(SMZ)Sulfamethoxazole0.0638-1285-1000.390-1002-4
(PO)
680.0216
磺胺异噁唑(SIZ)Sulfamethoxazole0.121685-1000.1580-1502-4
(PO)
680.0176
磺胺嘧啶
(SD)
Sulfaisoxazole
0.0411785-1000.6 2-4
(PO)
680.0256.3
噻吩甲氧头孢菌素Cefoxitin0.990.790-950.290.005-0.01同上450.29 
噻吗心安Timolol 2-4721.8 1-2730.42 
噻嗪类利尿药Thiazide 1-460-90  1-3
(PO)
99